Bihar Board Class 12th English Model Paper 2026 Solution

ENGLISH (COMPULSORY)

I.A, I.Sc., I.Com.

Total Questions : 100+7 = 7

[Time : 3 Hours 15 Minutes]
[Full Marks:100]

Instructions for the candidates: -

1. Candidate must enter his/her Question Booklet Serial No. (10 Digits) in the OMR Answer Sheet.

2. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.

3. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate full marks.

4. An extra time of 15 minutes has been allotted for the candidates to read the questions carefully.

5. This question booklet is divided into two sections Section-A and Section-B.

6. In Section - A, there are 100 objective type questions, out of which 50 questions are to be answered. First 50 answers will be evaluated in case more than 50 questions are answered. Each question carries 1 mark. For answering these darken the circle with blue/ black ball pen against the correct option on OMR Answer Sheet provided to you. Do not use whitener/liquid/blade/nail, etc on OMR Answer Sheet, otherwise the result will be treated as invalid.

7. Section-B, there are 11 Descriptive Answer Type Questions, which are to be answered.

8. Use of any electronic appliances is strictly prohibited.

SECTION-A
Objective Type Questions

Questions nos. 1 to 100 have four options, out of which only one is correct. You have to mark your selected option on the OMR-sheet. Out of 100 questions you have to attempt any 50 questions only. 50 x 1 = 50

1.      Divya brought ________ information with her. (Choose the correct option)
(A) some
(B) several
(C) any
(D) many

2.      Children often have their way ______ throwing tantrums. (Choose the correct option)
(A) from
(B) with
(C) by
(D) for

3.      A suspension bridge was built ______ the river. (Choose the correct option)
(A) under
(B) in
(C) over
(D) by

4.      The students decided to go to school ________ foot. (Choose the correct option)
(A) by
(B) on
(C) at
(D) through

5.      I ________ return before sunset to avoid dark alleys. (Choose the correct option)
(A) used
(B) shall
(C) can
(D) might

6.      Shabnam has_____ MBA from Harvard. (Choose the correct option)
(A) a
(B) the
(C) an
(D) no article

7. He exclaimed with relief that his father had returned safe from the battlefield. (Choose the correct direct narration)
(A) He said, "I am relieved my father had returned safe from the battlefield."
(B) He exclaimed, "My father returned safe from the battlefield."
(C) He sighed with relief, "My father has returned safe from the battlefield."
(D) He said with relief, "My father had returned safe from the battlefield."

8.      By the next year, I_____ (learn) French for five years. (Choose the correct option)
(A) will learn
(B) will have learned
(C) have learned
(D) would learn

9.      She _______ (go) to the market tomorrow. (Choose the correct option)
(A) went
(B) goes
(C) will go
(D) have gone

10. The jury ________ divided in their opinion. (Choose the correct option)
(A) was
(B) were
(C) is
(D) has been

11. They say that they ____ going to travel abroad the following month. (Choose the correct option)
(A) are
(B) is
(C) have been
(D) had been

12. The vines were _____the garden through the broken fence. (Choose the correct option)
(A) creeping down
(B) creeping under
(C) creeping into
(D) creeping off

13. The dog stuck out _______ tongue. (Choose the correct option)
(A) his
(B) her
(C) its
(D) hers

14. Rachna has been living in New York _____2005. (Choose the correct option)
(A) from
(B) by
(C) since
(D) for

15. Harshita looks exhausted. She ______ be sick. (Choose the correct option)
(A) must
(B) Shall
(C) Can
(D) might

16. Ranjit _______ apologize for his mistake. (Choose the correct option)
(A) need
(B) ought to
(C) can
(D) shall

17. Choose the correctly spelled word: (Choose the correct option)
(A) Insoluble
(B) Insolubel
(C) Insolable
(D) Insolebel

18. The police caught the thief. (Choose the correct option)
(A) The thief has been caught by the police
(B) The thief was to be caught by the police
(C) The thief was caught by the police
(D) The sentence cannot be changed into passive voice.

19. "Don't touch the hot stove", warned my mother. (Choose the correct option)
(A) My mother warned me that I should touch the hot stove.
(B) My mother warned me to not touch the hot stove.
(C) My mother warned me not to touch the hot stove.
(D) My mother warned me to touch the hot stove.

20. She studied well. She failed the exam. (Choose the correct option)
(A) She studied well because she failed the exam.
(B) She studied well so she failed the exam.
(C) She studied well but she failed the exam.
(D) She studied well and she failed the exam.

21. The word 'bow' in the sentence "Take a bow after your performance" means:(Choose the correct option)
(A) The front of a ship
(B) A ribbon tied around a package
(C) A gesture of respect
(D) A medieval weapon

22. She said that she________ speak French when she was young. (Choose the correct option)
(A) may
(B) could
(C) Can
(D) might

23. If he ___________ more careful, he wouldn't have met with an accident. (Choose the correct option)
(A) was
(B) had been
(C) were
(D) has been

24. Choose the correctly ordered sentence.
(A) They on the weekends often play football.
(B) Often they play football on the weekends.
(C) They often play football on the weekends.
(D) They play football often on the weekends.

25. Arun saw _________ artifacts in the museum. (Choose the correct option)
(A) many
(B) much
(C) any
(D) a little

26. The couple stayed in Kerela ______ two weeks. (Choose the correct option)
(A) since
(B) for
(C) by
(D) through

27. The synonym of Interesting is :
(A) crucial
(B) fascinating
(C) boring
(D) puny

28. The synonym of Conflict is:
(A) accord
(B) strife
(C) harmony
(D) consensus

29. The antonym of Ascend is
(A) defence
(B) advance
(C) ancient
(D) descend

30. The antonym of Rapid is:
(A) sluggish
(B) foolish
(C) humble
(D) swift

31. The antonym of Frank is:
(A) greedy
(B) timid
(C) reserved
(D) miserable

32. "Break the ice" means: (Choose the correct option)
(A) To smash something
(B) To make a mistake
(C) To start a conversation
(D) To indulge in a fight

33. Alina is ________ university Student. (Choose the correct option)
(A) an
(B) a
(C) the
(D) no article

34. Shikha asked me if I had seen her book. (Choose the correct option)
(A) Shikha said, "Have you seen the book"?
(B) Shikha asked me. "Did you see my book "
(C) Shikha asked me, "Have you seen my book
(D) Shikha asked, "Had you seen the book"?

35. The passengers _____(wait) in the lounge for hours. (Choose the correct option)
(A) are waiting
(B) waits
(C) have been waiting
(D) had waited

36. He said that he____ to the park the previous day. (Choose the correct option)
(A) had gone
(B) has gone
(C) goes
(D) is going

37. I will call you ________ I reach home. (Choose the correct option)
(A) while
(B) when
(C) since
(D) then

38. Choose the correct sentence :
(A) The lion are roaring loudly in the forest
(B) The lion roared loudly in the forest
(C) The lion is roared loudly in the forest
(D) The lion roar loudly in the forest.

39. Garima is interested _______ buying a new laptop. (Choose the correct option)
(A) to
(B) for
(C) in
(D) at

40. Abhishek ran fast ________ the pavement. (Choose the correct option)
(A) is
(B) on
(C) at
(D) for

41. You ______ not add extra spices to the soup. (Choose the correct option)
(A) might
(B) need
(C) shall
(D) ought

42. We ______ help those in need. (Choose the correct option)
(A) should
(B) may
(C) can
(D) might

43. The synonym of Small is:
(A) gross
(B) enormous
(C) trivial
(D) vital

44. The antonym of Captivity is :
(A) humility
(B) liberty
(C) timidity
(D) compassion

45. "Once in a blue moon" means:
(A) frequently
(B) never
(C) rarely
(D) daily

46. The book Crime and Punishment was written by Dostoevsky. (Choose the correct active voice)
(A) Dostoevsky has written the book Crime and Punishment.
(B) Dostoevsky writes the book Crime and Punishment.
(C) Dostoevsky wrote the book Crime and Punishment.
(D) Dostoevsky had written the book Crime and Punishment.

47. The Board will announce the results tomorrow. (Choose the correct passive voice).
(A) The results are announced by the Board tomorrow
(B) The results will be announced by the Board tomorrow.
(C) The results have been announced by the Board tomorrow.
(D) The results were announced tomorrow by the Board.

48. "Alas! Our team has lost the match", they said. (Choose the correct indirect speech)
(A) They said with sorrow that their team lost the match.
(B) They exclaimed with sorrow that their team had lost the match.
(C) They exclaimed sadly that their team lost the match.
(D) They said with grief that their team has lost the match.

49. Which of the following sentences has the correct word order?
(A) I went yesterday to the store.
(B) To the store I went yesterday.
(C) Went I to the store yesterday.
(D) Yesterday I went to the store.

50. Politicians seldom talk sense _______ television. (Choose the correct option)
(A) at
(B) on
(C) in
(D) of

51. Ananya hid her toys _______ the table. (Choose the correct option)
(A) along
(B) at
(C) under
(D) across

52. The online English class was scheduled ______10:00 AM. (Choose the correct option)
(A) at
(B) in
(C) by
(D) on

53. One______ not spit in public spaces. (Choose the correct option)
(A) can
(B) must
(C) would
(D) may

54. The synonym of Abundance is:
(A) scarcity
(B) poverty
(C) plenty
(D) courtesy

55. Choose the correctly spelled word :
(A) ocassion
(B) occasion
(C) occasion
(D) ocasion

56. Was the movie watched by Akshara? (Choose the correct active voice)
(A) Did Akshara watch the movie?
(B) Had Akshara watched the movie?
(C) Is Akshara watching the movie?
(D) Did Akshara watched the movie?

57. The company__________ (expand) its operations to several countries by 2020. (Choose the correct option)
(A) expands
(B) has expanded
(C) is expanding
(D) had expanded

58. My brother, along with his friends, _____going to the concert. (Choose the correct option)
(A) is
(B) were
(C) have been
(D) are

59. Politics_________ a tricky subject. (Choose the correct option)
(A) is
(B) have been
(C) were
(D) are

60. She went to work_______ she was feeling unwell. (Choose the correct option)
(A) because
(B) although
(C) so
(D) and

Direction: Questions from 61 to 100 are based on the prescribed texts.

61. In ‘Sweetest Love, I Do Not Goe’, to which natural event does the poet compare his return?
(A) The rising of the moon
(B) The return of spring.
(C) The sun rising after setting yesternight
(D) The flowing of a river.

62. What, according to Mahatma Gandhi, is the true test of a civilization?
(A) Its military strength.
(B) Its economic prowess
(C) Its moral and spiritual progress
(D) Absolute freedom and liberty

63. In ‘Bharat is My Home’, Dr Zakir Hussain compares the nation to :
(A) a garden
(B) a temple
(C) a home
(D) a school

64. What central idea does Walt Whitman express in the poem “Song of Myself”?
(A) The importance of wealth
(B) The unity of all human beings and nature
(C) The need for personal achievements
(D) The rejection of society

65. Who is Nanukaka in the story ‘A Pinch of Snuff’?
(A) The narrator’s uncle
(B) An astrologer
(C) The narrator's father
(D) A politician

66. The Lines, "Nurses to their graves are gone,/ But the prams go rolling on" are taken from.:
(A) An Epitaph
(B) Snake
(C) Now the Leaves are Falling Fast
(D) Fire-Hymn

67. Where was ‘I Have A Dream’ speech delivered?
(A) Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.
(B) The Red Fort, New Delhi
(C) Capitol Hill, Washington D.C.
(D) Buckingham Palace, England

68. Which of the following ideas is not mentioned by Bertrand Russell in the essay ‘Ideas That Have Helped Mankind’?
(A) The taming of domestic animals
(B) The invention of agriculture
(C) The art of writing
(D) The art of war

69. Which of the following is not an image of autumn described in the poem ‘Ode to Autumn’?
(A) Ripened fruits and flowers
(B) The bleating of the full-grown lambs
(C) Swallows twittering in the sky
(D) Snow-laden mountain peaks

70. ‘The Soldier’ by Rupert Brooke is :
(A) an ode
(B) a sonnet
(C) a ballad
(D) a drama

71. Where did Seibei live?
(A) In a bustling city
(B) In a village by the forest
(C) In a harbour town one could cross in twenty minutes
(D) In a mountain hamlet

72. What, according to Pearl S Buck, was the most important thing for understanding India?
(A) Reading Indian Literature.
(B) Learning Indian languages.
(C) Meeting common Indian people.
(D) Studying Indian history.

73. Which of the following is not one of the four dialects of Old English?
(A) Kentish.
(B) West Saxon
(C) West Midland
(D) Mercian

74. Which of the following is a famous work from the Middle English period?
(A) Paradise Lost
(B) The Canterbury Tales
(C) Beowulf
(D) Utopia

75. Which event in 1476 helped standardize Modern English spelling and grammar?
(A) The Norman Conquest
(B) The Renaissance
(C) Introduction of Printing Press by Caxton
(D) The Industrial Revolution

76. The word bazaar' was borrowed by English from which of the following languages?
(A) Hindi
(B) Arabic
(C) Persian
(D) Turkish

77. Who among the following was a University wit?
(A) William Congreve
(B) Christopher Marlowe
(C) T.S. Eliot
(D) William Shakespeare

78. The origin of English novel is traced back to the:
(A) 14th-Century
(B) 16th-Century
(C) 18th-Century
(D) 20th-Century

79. In the poem ‘Snake’, the voice of the poet's education on spotting a snake told him to
(A) admire the snake
(B) kill the snake
(C) feed the snake
(D) avoid the snake

80. Dorothy L. Sayers suggests that the press often:
(A) Reports with perfect objectivity
(B) Shapes public opinion through selective reporting
(C) Avoids influencing readers
(D) Focuses only on financial news

81. What does the poet say about ‘Death’ in the poem ‘Sweetest Love, I Do Not Goe’?
(A) It is inevitable and destined
(B) It is far away
(C) It is only for the old
(D) It cannot be avoided by love

82. How does Gandhi view the Western idea of progress?
(A) As dangerous and materialistic
(B) As necessary to bring about equality
(C) As an advantage to the cultural harmony of India
(D) As a goal of civilization

83. What does Dr. Zakir Hussain emphasize as essential for national progress?
(A) Political debate
(B) Hard work and cooperation
(C) Foreign Aid
(D) Material prosperity

84. Who among the following is known as the “people's poet”?
(A) Keki N. Daruwalla
(B) Walt Whitman
(C) Kamala Das
(D) John Keats

85. What does the speaker in "Fire-Hymn" see while passing by the cremation ghat?
(A) A lush green forest
(B) A serene lake
(C) An old mountain
(D) half-burnt bodies

86. ‘Now the Leaves are Falling Fast’ is a poem of:
(A) Five stanzas of four lines each
(B) Five stanzas of five lines each
(C) Three stanzas of four lines each
(D) Three stanzas of five lines each

87. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in.
(A) Georgia
(B) Colorado
(C) Tennessee
(D) Mississippi

88. The line "The tribes that worshipped lions and crocodiles died out, while those to whom the cow or the sheep was a sacred animal prospered," appears in:
(A) I Have a Dream
(B) Ideas that Have Helped Mankind
(C) How Free is the Press
(D) Indian Civilization and Culture

89. How many stanzas are there in the poem ‘Ode to Autumn’?
(A) Four
(B) Five
(C) Three
(D) Six

90. The phrase “her sights and sounds” in the poem ‘The Soldier’ refers to
(A) a foreign battlefield
(B) A graveyard
(C) Memories of England
(D) Palaces and Castles

91. The Old English period lasted from:
(A) 449-1066 AD
(B) 1150-1500 AD
(C) 1500-1660 AD
(D) 400-1000 AD

92. Who wrote ‘Piers the Plowman’?
(A) Gower
(B) Chaucer
(C) Langland
(D) Wycliffe

93. A Dictionary of English Language was published by Dr. Samuel Johnson in
(A) 1664
(B) 1755
(C) 1813
(D) 1066

94. What reaction did Seibei's ethics teacher have when he saw him polishing the gourd in class?
(A) He praised him
(B) He laughed it off
(C) He was furious
(D) He ignored it

95. What had always been part of Pearl S. Buck's background?
(A) India
(B) China
(C) U.S.
(D) England

96. In morality plays the characters were often:
(A) Kings and Queens
(B) Virtues personified
(C) Famous poets
(D) Roman deities

97. The Restoration Age is especially known for:
(A) Miracle Plays
(B) Absurd Drama
(C) Comedy of Manners
(D) Poetic plays

98. Who wrote the novel ‘Robinson Crusoe’?
(A) Daniel Defoe
(B) Samuel Richardson
(C) Jonathan Swift
(D) Henry Fielding

99. ‘A Child is Born’ explores the cultural peculiarities of ________
(A) Indian and Chinese
(B) Swedish and African
(C) The East and the West
(D) American and Indian

100. In ‘A Marriage Proposal’ what is the main cause of quarrel between Lomov and Natalia?
(A) Marriage expenses
(B) Land ownership disputes
(C) Dowry amount
(D) Political differences

ANSWER

1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.C 20.C 21.C 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.A 31.C 32.C 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.B 41.B 42.A 43.C 44.B 45.C 46.C 47.B 48.B 49.D 50.B 51.C 52.A 53.B 54.C 55.B 56.A 57.D 58.A 59.A 60.B 61.C 62.C 63.C 64.B 65.A 66.C 67.A 68.D 69.D 70.B 71.C 72.C 73.C 74.B 75.C 76.C 77.B 78.C 79.B 80.B 81.A
82.A 83.B 84.B 85.D 86.A 87.C 88.B 89.C 90.C 91.A 92.C 93.B 94.C 95.A 96.B 97.C 98.A 99.C 100.B

SECTION-B
(Descriptive Type Questions)

1. Write an essay on any one of the following in about 150-200 words: 1× 8 = 8
(i) The Future of Artificial Intelligence.
(ii) The Importance of Discipline in life.
(iii) Role of Renewable Energy in Combating Climate Change.
(iv) Deforestation
(v) Floods: Causes and Impacts

2. Explain any one of the following: 1 × 4 = 4
(i) Civilization is that mode of conduct which points out to men the path of duty.
(ii) Clearly infant and mother mortality is greater is traditional births, but in our anxiety to avoid death we may have destroyed the significance of the experience far the vast majority who live.
(iii) So for many years Benjy had kept hens, and what the earth was to his mother and father the hens were to Benjy: they were almost all he had.
(iv) We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline.

3. Explain any one of the following lines: 1 × 4 = 4
(i) How often I think of going
There, to peer through the blind eyes of windows...
(ii) Was it cowardice, that I dared not kill him?
Was it perversity, that I longed to talk to him?
(iii) Where are the Songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too, ---
(iv) His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare,
And when you reach the scene of crime - Macavity's not there!

4. Write a letter to your friend sharing your views about a recent movie you watched. 5
or
Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner of your city complaining about the problem of water-logging in your area.

5. Answer any five of the following questions in about 40-50 words each: 5 × 2 = 10
a) What, according to Dr. Zakir Hussain, is the role of education in building a nation?
b) Why did the narrator initially hesitate to meet Nanukaka?
c) How does Bertrand Russell explain the role of cooperation in human progress?
d) Why is the birth of a child considered a social event in traditional societies?
e) How does the sighing and weeping of the beloved affect the speaker in ‘Sweetest Love, I Do Not Goe’?
f) What does the poet think about beauty in the poem ‘An Epitaph’?
g) Why was the speaker unable to read the books in Kamala Das’s ‘My Grandmother's House’?
h) What was the impact of the Norman Conquest on the Vocabulary of Old English?
i) Name the five dialects of Middle English.
j) What is a Farce?

6. Answer any three of the following in about 100-120 words each. 3 × 5 = 15
a) Write the summary of any one of the following poems.
I. Fire-Hymn
II. Now the Leaves are Falling Fast
III. The Soldier
b) Write the summary of any one of the following prose pieces
I. The Earth
II. Indian Civilization and Culture
III. A Pinch of Snuff
c) Write a short note on Dramatic Structure
Or
Discuss various types of Drama.
Or
Write a short note on African Novel in English.
d) Match the the titles of the poems given in List -A with their poets in List-B

List – A - List – B
(i) Ode to Autumn - (a) Keki N. Daruwalla
(ii) The Soldier - (b) John Donne
(iii) Fire-Hymn - (c) John Keats
(iv) An Epitaph - (d) Rupert Brooke
(v) Sweetest Love, I Do Not Goe - (e) Walter de la Mare
e) Translate any five of the following sentences into English:
(i.) रमा रोज़ स्कूल जाती थी |
(ii.) अमित कल प्रयागराज जायेगा |
(iii.) तुम इतने उदास क्यों हो?
(iv.) प्रशांत चित्र बना रहा था |
(v.) वह बच्चों के साथ अच्चा व्यवहार करते हैं
(vi.) क्या तुम्हे उपन्यास पढ़ना पसंद हैं ?
(vii.) क्या सुन्दर दृश्य है !
(viii.) आज अध्यापक ने हमें सजा दी

f) Match the titles of the prose-pieces in List-A with their authors in List-B.
List – A - List – B

(i) How Free is the Press - (a) Manohar Malgaonkar
(ii) I Have a Dream - (b) Pearl S. Buck
(iii) India Through a Traveller’s Eye - (c) Dorothy L. Sayers
(iv) Ideas that Have Helped Mankind - (d) Bertrand Russell
(v) A Pinch of Snuff - (e) Martin Luther King Jr.

7. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow 4 × 1 = 4

Social media is a powerful tool that helps people connect, share ideas, and build communities across the world. It brings friends closer and can inspire creativity and awareness. However, it also has negative sides, such as encouraging comparison, distraction, and the spread of misinformation and negativity. The effect of social media depends on how it is used. To stay truly happy and connected, it is important to maintain a healthy balance between online activities and real-life experiences.

(i.) How does social media help people stay connected?
(ii.) What are the positive uses of social media?
(iii.) What problems can social media cause?
(iv.) Which word in the passage means ‘imagination’?

Or

Write a precis of the following passage and provide a suitable title :

Sustainable development aims to meet current demands without compromising the estimates of future needs. It can function by balancing economic growth on one hand and environmental protection and social well-being on the other. It encourages responsible extraction of natural resources, promotes renewable energy and waste reduction and mitigates the risks associated with water and air pollution.

ANSWER

1.. (i) The Future of Artificial Intelligence: Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is one of the most important inventions of the modern world. It means machines that can think, learn, and make decisions like humans. In the future, AI will play a big role in almost every field of life.
In education, AI will help students learn better through smart apps and online tutors. Teachers will use AI to check homework and understand students’ problems easily. In healthcare, AI will help doctors detect diseases early and give better treatment. Robots and smart machines will make work easier in factories and offices.
AI will also improve transportation by making self-driving cars safer and faster. In daily life, AI assistants will help people save time and energy. However, AI also brings some challenges, like job loss and privacy problems. Therefore, it must be used carefully.
In short, the future of AI is very bright. If used wisely, it can make human life easier, safer, and more comfortable.

(ii) The Importance of Discipline in Life: Discipline means following rules and maintaining self-control in life. It is one of the most important qualities for success. A disciplined person knows how to manage time and work properly.
Discipline helps students focus on their studies and achieve good results. It teaches them punctuality, honesty, and hard work. In daily life, discipline keeps us healthy, active, and organized. People who follow discipline live a balanced and peaceful life.
In professional life, discipline is necessary to achieve goals and gain respect. Soldiers, doctors, teachers, and athletes all need discipline to perform their duties well. Without discipline, life becomes disordered and unsuccessful.
Discipline also builds strong character and confidence. It helps people control bad habits and develop good ones. Even small habits like waking up early or completing work on time show discipline.
In conclusion, discipline is the key to success and happiness. It makes life meaningful and helps us become responsible citizens.

(iii) Role of Renewable Energy in Combating Climate Change: Climate change is one of the biggest problems in the world today. It is mainly caused by pollution and the use of fossil fuels like coal and petrol. Renewable energy plays an important role in reducing climate change.
Renewable energy comes from natural sources like the sun, wind, water, and plants. These sources do not produce harmful gases and are environment-friendly. Solar and wind energy help reduce air pollution and global warming.
Using renewable energy saves natural resources and protects the environment. It also reduces dependence on fossil fuels, which are limited. Renewable energy creates new jobs and supports sustainable development.
Many countries are now investing in clean energy to control climate change. People are also using solar panels and wind power at home.
In short, renewable energy is the best solution to fight climate change. By using clean energy, we can protect the Earth for future generations.

(iv) Deforestation: Deforestation means cutting down trees on a large scale. It is a serious environmental problem. Trees are very important for life on Earth as they give us oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.
Deforestation is mainly caused by urbanization, farming, and industrial growth. People cut trees to build houses, roads, and factories. As a result, wildlife loses its natural habitat.
Deforestation leads to many problems like climate change, soil erosion, floods, and loss of biodiversity. It also reduces rainfall and increases global warming. Human life is also affected due to lack of clean air and water.
To stop deforestation, we must plant more trees and protect forests. Governments should make strict laws to save forests. People should understand the importance of trees and avoid unnecessary cutting.
In conclusion, deforestation harms nature and human life. Saving trees is saving life on Earth.

(v) Floods: Causes and Impacts: Floods are natural disasters that occur when excess water covers land. They are caused by heavy rainfall, melting glaciers, cyclones, and poor drainage systems. Deforestation and climate change also increase floods.
Floods cause great damage to life and property. Houses, roads, and crops are destroyed. Many people become homeless and suffer from hunger and diseases. Floods also affect animals and damage the environment.
Water contamination during floods spreads diseases like cholera and malaria. Schools and offices remain closed, which affects education and work. The economy of the country also suffers due to heavy losses.
To reduce floods, proper drainage systems should be developed. Planting trees and controlling climate change can help prevent floods. Early warning systems can save many lives.
In conclusion, floods are dangerous disasters. Proper planning and awareness can reduce their harmful effects.

2. (i)- The given line has been taken from the essay “Indian Civilization and Culture” which is written by Mahatma Gandhi.
In this line, the author says that true civilization does not mean big buildings, machines, or modern comforts. Civilization means right behaviour and moral values.
According to Gandhi, a civilized person is one who understands his duty towards others, society, and the nation. When people follow truth, honesty, and responsibility, only then a society can be called truly civilized.

(ii) The given line has been taken from the essay “A Child Is Born” which is written by Germaine Greer.
In this line, the author says that in earlier times, mother and child deaths were higher during childbirth. However, she also points out that modern medical systems, in their fear of death, have made childbirth too mechanical and impersonal.
As a result, the natural, emotional, and meaningful experience of giving birth has been reduced. The writer believes that for most people who survive, childbirth should remain a human and emotional experience, not just a medical procedure.

(iii) The given line has been taken from the story “The Earth” which is written by H. E. Bates.
In this line, the author shows Benjy’s deep attachment to his hens. Just as Benjy’s parents depended on the earth (land) for their life and survival, Benjy depended on his hens.
The hens were his work, his comfort, and his only source of happiness. This line highlights Benjy’s simple life, loneliness, and emotional dependence, showing that the hens meant everything to him.

(iv) The given line has been taken from the speech “I Have a Dream” which was delivered by Martin Luther King Jr..
In this line, the speaker says that the fight for freedom and equality must always be peaceful, disciplined, and respectful.
He warns people not to use violence, hatred, or anger in their struggle. According to him, only a struggle based on dignity, self-control, and moral values can bring real and lasting justice.

3. (i) The given stanza has been taken from the poem My Grandmother’s House which is written by Kamala Das. In this stanza, the poet says that she often thinks of going back to her grandmother’s old house. The house is now silent and lifeless, just like blind eyes of windows. It reminds her of the love, care, and security she once received there. The line shows her deep sense of loneliness and her emotional attachment to the past.

(ii) The given stanza has been taken from the poem Snake which is written by D. H. Lawrence. In this stanza, the poet feels confused about his own reaction towards the snake. He wonders whether it was cowardice that stopped him from killing it or perversity that made him want to talk to it. The poet shows inner conflict between human instincts taught by society and his natural respect for the snake as a living creature.

(iii) The given stanza has been taken from the poem Ode to Autumn which is written by John Keats. In this stanza, the poet asks where the songs of spring have gone. Then he says that autumn should not worry because it has its own music. The sounds of autumn come from nature, such as insects, birds, and the soft atmosphere of the season. The poet highlights the beauty and richness of autumn in its own way.

(iv) The given stanza has been taken from the poem Macavity: The Mystery Cat which is written by T. S. Eliot. In this stanza, the poet describes Macavity as a mysterious and clever criminal cat. His powers are so strange that even a fakir would be surprised. Whenever a crime happens and people reach the spot, Macavity is never found there. This shows his intelligence and his ability to escape every time.

4. Rahul Verma
Naka No-5
Darbhanga, Bihar

3 January 2026

Dear Amit,

I hope you are well. I want to share my views about a recent movie that I watched yesterday. The movie was very interesting and full of emotions. The story was simple but meaningful and showed real-life problems clearly. The acting of the main characters was excellent, especially the hero, who acted very naturally. The music was pleasant and suited the situations well. Some scenes were very touching and made me think deeply about life and relationships. The movie also gave a good social message. Overall, it was entertaining as well as inspiring. I really enjoyed watching it and suggest that you watch it too when you get time.

Your friend,

Rahul

To
The Municipal Commissioner
Darbhanga Municipal Corporation
Darbhanga, Bihar

Date- 21th December 2025

Subject: Complaint regarding water-logging in our area

Sir,

I wish to draw your attention to the serious problem of water-logging in our locality. After even a light rainfall, water collects on the roads and remains there for many days. The drains are blocked and dirty water overflows on the streets. This creates many difficulties for residents, especially school children and elderly people. Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, increasing the risk of diseases like dengue and malaria. Daily movement and traffic are also badly affected. I humbly request you to kindly arrange for proper cleaning of drains and improve the drainage system at the earliest.

Thanking you.

Yours faithfully,
Rahul Verma

5. (a) According to Dr. Zakir Hussain, education builds a nation by developing character, discipline, and moral values. It prepares responsible citizens who understand duties, respect culture, and work selflessly for national unity, harmony, and progress.

(b) The narrator hesitated to meet Nanukaka because he was afraid of being judged or misunderstood. Nanukaka was strict and straightforward, and the narrator feared criticism and an uncomfortable conversation due to his own weaknesses and mistakes.

(c) Bertrand Russell explains that human progress depends on cooperation rather than conflict. Cooperation helps people live peacefully, share knowledge, and achieve collective growth, while excessive competition leads to destruction and suffering.

(d) In traditional societies, the birth of a child is considered a social event because it involves the entire community. The child is seen as belonging to society, not just the family, and childbirth strengthens social bonds and shared responsibilities.

(e) In Sweetest Love, I Do Not Goe, the beloved’s sighing and weeping deeply pain the speaker. Her sorrow makes his departure emotionally difficult, and he feels guilty for causing her suffering despite his love and reassurance.

(f) In An Epitaph, the poet believes that beauty is eternal and spiritual. Physical beauty may fade with death, but inner beauty, innocence, and purity continue to live on beyond mortal life.

(g) In My Grandmother's House, the speaker could not read the books because the house was deserted and filled with silence. The absence of love and warmth made the books meaningless and unreadable for her.

(h) The Norman Conquest greatly enriched Old English vocabulary. Many French words related to law, administration, culture, and food entered English, making the language more flexible and expressive.

(i). The five dialects of Middle English were Northern, Southern, East Midland, West Midland, and Kentish. These dialects developed due to regional differences and later contributed to the formation of Standard English.

(j) A Farce is a type of comedy based on exaggerated characters, improbable situations, and humorous misunderstandings. Its main aim is to create laughter through absurd actions rather than to convey deep moral or serious themes.

6. (a) (i) In Fire-Hymn, Keki N. Daruwalla describes the haunting scene at a burning ghat. As a child, the speaker once passes by a burning ghat with his father, near the riverbank. The fire has died down, with its embers now cold and covered in grey ash. He sees half-burnt limbs and fingers of a body, and his father explains that sometimes fire is careless and fails to fully consume the dead. Deeply disturbed, the speaker silently vows to help the fire avoid this sin of neglect.
Twenty years later, tragedy strikes, and the speaker’s eldest child dies. He commits his child’s body to the fire, ensuring it is completely consumed. Despite being a non-Parsi, the Fire-Hymn seems to forgive him, sensing he acted out of necessity rather than choice, as the Tower of Peace is a thousand miles away. Yet, the speaker feels his efforts fall short and renews his vow to prevent the fire from committing the sin of forgetfulness in the future.

(ii) “Now the leaves are falling fast” is one of the finest lyric poems which has been composed by the modern poet W.H Auden. The title of this poem suggests us about the death of human beings like the falling fast of leaves.
Human beings are going to their grave very fast due to suffering and diseases. In this poem, the poet tries to expose the frustration and crisis in modern life. The poet says that all fake love to one another. The messenger of death is present to snatch the real delight of people.
People who are alive today will die tomorrow. This expression suggests that human life is no better than death. The underlying idea in this poem is that death is certain. Like tree man also has to meet his end someday.

(iii) The soldier is a patriotic poem in form of sonnet composed by the great war poet Rupert Brooke. The poet describes the feeling of an English Soldier who goes to a foreign country to fight for his own country. He feels that the piece of foreign land where he will be buried in case of death, will be forever England. He considers the piece of foreign land to be England because he was born and brought up in England. He also expresses his sense of gratitude of his country for everything he got there the flowers, the air he breathes, the laughter that he has learnt from friends. Thus the poem shows the poet’s great love for his mother land.

(b) (i) “The Earth” is a very emotional story written by H.E. Bates. The story revolves around a family consisting of a father, mother, and their son. The father's name is Johnson, and the son's name is Benzy. Johnson does not do anything only peaching crowd of the people. He has some land, which helps him support his family.
Johnson’s son, Benzy, is not mentally sound and is considered abnormal. Benzy is also very selfish. One day Johnsons gets his son consulted by a doctor. Doctor advises to involve Benzy in some business, so Johnson gives him some money to start a business of hens.
Benzy becomes successful in the business, but he doesn’t care about his parents. After a few years, Benzy marries a clever girl named Florence. Florence convinces Benzy to force his parents out of the house and to take over his father’s land. Benzy follows her advice and forces his parents to leave.
The next morning, Benzy takes his parents to the city and abandons them there.

(ii) This essay, "Indian Civilization and Culture," is written by Mahatma Gandhi, who is known as the Father of the Nation. He was born on 2nd October 1869 at Porbandar, Gujarat. In this essay, Mahatma Gandhi highlights the salient features of Indian civilization and culture. He says that the foundation of Indian civilization is far better than Western civilization, and our civilization cannot be beaten in the world because we are following the path that our ancestors made for us.
There is a charge against us by Western people that we are ignorant, uncivilized and stolid, but Gandhi Ji says this charge is actually against our merits. We can also do everything, but our civilization does not give us permission to do so.
Gandhi Ji mentions that our ancestors preferred villages to cities because they knew cities were full of vices, crimes, robbers, and thieves, while in villages, people live in peace. Gandhi Ji says that the mind is a restless bird: the more it gets, the more it wants, and it remains unsatisfied. Therefore, we should not indulge in our passions.

(iii) “A Pinch of Snuff” is written by Manohar Malgonkar, who was born on 12th July 1913. He is a well-known novelist and short story writer.
This story is a family drama involving the author (Manohar Malgonkar), his mother, and other characters. One day, the author’s mother informs him that his maternal uncle is coming for 2-3 days because he wants to meet a welfare minister. The author tells his mother to ask his uncle not to come, but she refuses. So, the author goes to the station to receive his uncle, whose name is Nanukaka. After arriving, Nanukaka asks the author to take him to meet the welfare minister. The author takes him, but Nanukaka could not meet minister.
On their way back home, the author meets Ratiram, the son of Sohan Lal, who is the head of a party in Delhi. Nanukaka persuades the author to arrange a meeting with Sohan Lal so that he can eventually meet the welfare minister. During the meeting, Nanukaka learns that Sohan Lal does not have a good relationship with the welfare minister because the minister refused to marry his daughter to Sohan Lal’s son. In the course of this discussion, Nanukaka discovers that the minister’s daughter’s marriage has been arranged with the son of Ninnore Maharaj.
Nanukaka then announces that they will visit the minister’s house. He tells the narrator that they need a large car to impress the minister. To get the car, he tricks the manager of Sikka Auto Dealers by involving a dhobi. They then take the car to the minister's house. In the visitor's book, Nanukaka writes that he is the hereditary pundit to the Maharaja of Ninnore. Finally, he gives a Delhi address where he is staying.
In the end, the welfare minister himself comes to the author's residence, where Nanukaka greets him respectfully. This way, Nanukaka finally meets the welfare minister and then returns home.

(c) The dramatic structure of a tragedy follows a well-defined pattern that helps develop the plot and emotional impact. It begins with exposition, where the background, characters, and setting are introduced. This is followed by complication, in which conflicts arise and the action becomes intense. The crisis marks the turning point of the play, where the hero faces a crucial decision. Next comes the denouement, where the consequences of that decision start unfolding and tensions begin to resolve. Finally, the tragedy ends with catastrophe, bringing suffering, downfall, or death of the tragic hero, thus completing the tragic action.

The important types of drama are classified on the basis of theme, tone, and treatment of characters. Tragedy presents serious themes and shows the downfall of the hero. Comedy deals with light-hearted situations and ends happily. Tragi-comedy combines elements of both tragedy and comedy. Farce is meant purely for laughter through exaggerated actions and situations. Melodrama focuses on strong emotions with clear distinction between good and evil. Masque is a dramatic form involving music, dance, and spectacle. A One Act Play is short, concentrates on a single situation, and aims at a quick dramatic effect.

The African novel in English emerged mainly in the mid-20th century as African writers began expressing their own history, culture, and social realities through the English language. These novels often deal with themes like colonialism, conflict between tradition and modernity, racial injustice, identity, and cultural loss. Writers used English to reach a global audience while preserving African values, customs, and oral traditions. Chinua Achebe, through his famous novel Things Fall Apart, presented African society from an African perspective. Thus, African novels in English play an important role in world literature by giving voice to African experiences.

(d) i-c, ii-d, iii-a, iv-e, v-b

(e) (i) Rama used to go to school every day.
(ii) Amit will go to Prayagraj tomorrow.
(iii) Why are you so sad?
(iv) Prashant was drawing a picture.
(v) He behaves well with children.
(vi) Do you like reading novels?
(vii) What a beautiful scene!
(viii) Today the teacher punished us.

(f) i-c, ii-e, iii-b, iv-d, v-a

7 (i.) Social media helps people stay connected by allowing them to communicate, share ideas, and build communities across the world.
(ii.) The positive uses of social media are connecting friends, inspiring creativity, and spreading awareness.
(iii.) Social media can cause problems like comparison, distraction, and the spread of misinformation and negativity.
(iv.) The word in the passage that means ‘imagination’ is creativity.

Title: Sustainable Development

Sustainable development means meeting present needs without harming future needs. It balances economic growth with environmental protection and social well-being by using resources responsibly and reducing pollution.