CHAPTER-1
TENSE
The form of a verb that indicates the
time of an action is called Tense.
Types of Tense
According to Traditional English
Grammar, there are three types of Tenses:
1.
Present
Tense
2.
Past
Tense
3.
Future
Tense
However, according to Modern English
Grammar, there are only two types of Tenses:
1.
Present
Tense
2.
Past
Tense
Present Tense
There are four types of Present Tense:
i.
Simple
Present Tense
OR
Present Indefinite Tense
OR
Present Non-Progressive Tense
ii.
Present
Continuous Tense
OR
Present Imperfect Tense
OR
Present Progressive Tense
iii.
Present
Perfect Tense
OR
Present Perfect Non-Progressive Tense
iv.
Present
Perfect Continuous Tense
OR
Present Perfect Progressive Tense
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Use of Simple Present Tense
1.
To
express Present Habits: Simple Present
Tense is used to talk about actions that happen regularly or habits in the
present.
Examples:
He goes to school every day.
She always speaks the truth.
He never tells a lie.
Sometimes it rains heavily.
He usually comes late.
I often spend my holidays with my parents.
She goes to see an English film once a month.
Note: Such sentences often include adverbs of frequency like: always,
never, ever, seldom, often, sometimes, daily, frequently, generally, usually,
habitually, mostly, regularly, hardly, scarcely, every
day/night/morning/evening/week/month/year, once a day/week/month/year, twice a
day/week/month/year, etc.
2.
To
express Universal Truths: Simple Present Tense
is used to state universal facts, scientific truths, or general statements of
truth.
Examples:
The earth revolves around the sun.
The sun sets in the west.
Man is mortal.
Two and two makes four.
The sky is blue.
3.
To
express Permanent Actions or Present Situations: Simple Present Tense is used to describe ongoing
actions or situations that are generally or permanently true in the present.
Examples:
He lives in Delhi.
I read in class 10th.
I love her.
Sohan teaches them English.
My brother works in Mumbai.
4.
In
Conditional Sentences (Type 1) – Subordinate Clause: Simple Present Tense is used in the if-clause
(subordinate clause) of conditional sentences to talk about possible future
actions.
Examples:
He will go there if you come here.
If it rains, I shall not go out.
Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
Until I return, you will wait for me.
If we go to Patna, we shall visit the zoo.
5.
To
express Historical or Literary Truths: Simple
Present Tense is used to state facts that are considered historically or
literarily true, especially in formal writing or literary analysis.
Examples:
Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English Literature.
Galileo Galilei is the father of science.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative sentence
Structure - Subject + V1 /
V5 + Object
Note (1): If the subject is – First Person (I, We),
Second Person (You), Third Person Plural (They, people, boys, girls, friends,
etc.) Use ‘V₁’ (base
form of the verb)
Note (2): If the subject is – Third Person Singular
(He, She, It, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc.) Use ‘V₅’ (V₁ + s/es)
Examples:
He teaches English.
She writes a letter.
The sun rises in the east.
I want to become a good man.
God helps everyone.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + do/does + not + V₁ + Object
Note (1): If the subject is – I, We, You, They, etc. → Use ‘do’
Note (2): If the subject is – He, She, It, Sohan, etc. → Use
‘does’
👉 Always use V₁ (base form of the verb) after ‘do/does’.
Examples:
He does not go to school.
The brave do not fear death.
She does not love me.
You do not waste time.
He never tells a lie.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure: Do/Does + Subject + V₁ + Object? (For Yes-No
question)
WH-word + do/does + Subject + V₁ + Object? (For WH-question)
Examples:
Does he call you?
Does he sleep during the day?
Do you read a book?
When does he go to school?
Why do you follow me?
How does she come here?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use of Present Continuous Tense
1.
To express actions happening at the time of speaking: This tense is used when something is happening right
now, as we speak.
Examples:
I am reading a newspaper now.
At present, we are gleaning information from all sources.
She is working on a novel at the present.
We are currently working on that problem.
They are playing cricket.
Note: Such sentences often include time indicators like: now, currently,
at this moment, at present, right now, these days, etc.
2.
To express intention or possibility (near certainty): Present Continuous can express something someone
intends to do, or something that is likely to happen soon.
Examples:
He is going to die.
She is going to buy a car.
I am going to write a letter.
3.
To express a planned action in the near future:
It is used for actions/events that are already
scheduled or planned for the near future.
Examples:
He is coming here tomorrow.
I am buying a car next month.
She is leaving for London today.
I am going to meet her this evening.
4.
To express change or development happening over time: Use Present Continuous for gradual changes,
development, or transitions.
Examples:
He is getting intelligent day by day.
Prices are rising high these days.
The patient is getting better and better.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject+is/am/are+v4+Object
Note (1): If the
subject is – First Person Singular (I)→Use ‘am’
Note (2) : If the
subject is Third Person Singular (She, It, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc.)→Use ‘is’
Note (3): If the subject is – First Person Plural (We), Second
Person (You), Third Person Plural (They, people, boys, girls, friends, etc..)
Use ‘are’
Examples:
He is doing his work here.
The stars are shining in the sky.
My friend is coming from Delhi.
You are wasting my time.
The widow is weeping bitterly.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + is/am/are + not + v4+ Object
Examples:
He is not reading the Ramayana.
You are not running fast.
The hunters are not killing the deer.
I am not enjoying this job.
He is not going to withdraw his statement.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes/No
Questions): Is/Am/Are + Subject + v4
+ Object?
Structure (WH Questions): WH-word + is/am/are + Subject + v4 +
Object?
Examples:
Is the mother loving the child?
Is the dog barking?
Are you coming from Patna?
Why are you coming late here?
When is he going?
How is she living on small income?
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Use of Present Perfect Tense
1. Present Perfect Tense is used
with some special words that help us understand the time and the situation of
the action. These words are: just, already, yet, ever, never, since, for.
Examples:
She has just finished her lunch.
They have already left.
He has not replied yet.
Have you ever visited the Taj Mahal?
I have never told a lie.
I have lived here since 2010.
2. This tense is used for actions
that have just been completed.
Examples:
I have finished my work.
She has just arrived.
3. This tense is also used for
actions whose result affects the present.
Examples:
I have lost my phone. (So, I can’t call now.)
The train has already left. (So, I missed it.)
4. This tense is
used to talk about life experiences.
Examples:
Have you ever been abroad?
I have seen the Taj Mahal.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences
Structure: Subject + has/have + V³ + object
Notes (1): Use “have” when the subject is:
I, We, You, They, people, boys, girls, friends, etc.
Note (2): Use “has” when the subject is:
He, She, It, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc.
Examples:
He has eaten a mango.
She has already heard this news.
Sita has decorated her room.
The moon has just set.
You have beaten him.
Negative Sentences
Structure:
Subject + has/have + not + V³ + object
Examples:
He has not forgiven me.
You have not blessed me.
I have not broken this chair.
He has never sung this song.
The patient has not taken the medicine.
Interrogative Sentences:
Structure (Yes-No Question): Have/Has + subject + V³ + object + ?
Examples:
Have I fallen in love with someone?
Have you seen the Red Fort?
Has he gone to meet his friend?
Why have you come here?
Where has the world reached?
What have you done till now?
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use of Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense is
used for actions that started in the past and are still continuing in the
present.
Examples:
He has been reading for two hours.
They have been working here since
morning.
I have been studying for three hours.
She has been living in Delhi since
2015.
He has been sleeping since midnight.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + has/have + been + V4+ object
+ (since/for + time)
Note (1): "Since" is used to show a point
of time (when the action started).
Example: since 2009, since January, since Monday, since 5 PM, since
childhood, etc.
Note (2) : "For" is used to show a period of time (how long
the action has been happening).
Example: for 2 hours, for 3 days, for 5 years, for a long time, for ages, etc.
Examples:
I have been teaching English for 8 years.
I have been working on this project for three hours.
She has been waiting for you since 5 PM.
He has been living here since 2010.
He has been working in this company since 2010.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + has/have + not + been + V4 +
object + (since/for + time)
Examples:
He has not been attending his classes regularly.
She has not been practicing her piano lessons for a week.
They have not been working on the project since last Monday.
I have not been taking exercise for the past three days.
We have not been preparing for the exam properly.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question) : Has/Have + subject + been + V4 + object
+ (since/for + time) +?
Structure (Wh-Question) : Wh-word + Has/Have + subject + been + V4
+ object + (since/for + time) + ?
Examples:
Has it been raining since morning?
Has he been waiting for the bus for an hour?
What has she been doing since morning?
Why have they been shouting for so long?
How long have you been living in this city?
Past Tense
There are four types of Past Tense:
i.
Simple
Past Tense
OR
Past Indefinite Tense
OR
Past Non-Progressive Tense
ii.
Past
Continuous Tense
OR
Past Imperfect Tense
OR
Past Progressive Tense
iii.
Pastt
Perfect Tense
OR
Past Perfect Non-Progressive Tense
iv.
Past
Perfect Continuous Tense
OR
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Use of Simple Past Tense
1.
To express completed actions or events in the past :These actions happened at a specific time in the
past and are now over.
Examples:
She wrote a letter last night.
I met my friend yesterday.
Note: These sentences often include words like: yesterday, day before
yesterday, ago, last (night/week/month), previous, past event/time etc.
2.
To show past habits or regular actions: These are things a person used to do regularly in the past.
Examples:
When I was a child, I played football every day.
He always carried a notebook with him.
3.
To express imaginary or polite situations: This includes wishes, dreams, politeness,
or unreal conditions.
Examples:
I wished I had a car.
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
I hoped you would help me.
4.
To describe historical or important life events : Used when talking about things that happened in
history or in someone’s life.
Examples:
India got independence in 1947.
Shakespeare wrote many famous plays.
The Wright brothers invented the airplane.
5.
To describe sudden actions in the past: These actions happened quickly and unexpectedly.
Examples:
The glass fell and broke into pieces.
She screamed when she saw the spider.
I lost my phone yesterday.
1. STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence :
Structure: Subject + V2 + object
Examples:
I watched a movie yesterday.
She cooked food.
They went to the park in the evening.
I helped my mother.
We celebrated the festival.
The teacher taught us a new poem.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + did not (didn’t) + V1 + object
Examples:
He did not go to the market yesterday.
She did not eat breakfast this morning.
They did not watch the movie.
I didn’t complete my homework on time.
We did not play cricket in the evening.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Did + subject + V1 + object +?
Structure (WH-Question): WH-word + did + subject + V1 + object +?
Examples:
Did you go to the market yesterday?
Did she complete her homework?
Did they watch the movie last night?
Did he eat breakfast in the morning?
What did she say to you?
When did they arrive at the station?
What did you eat at dinner last night?
When did she call you?
How did they solve the problem?
PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
Use of Past Continuous Tense
1.
When one action was happening in the past and another action
happened suddenly, the first action is in the Past Continuous Tense and the second is in
the Simple Past Tense.
Examples:
I
was sleeping when the phone rang.
She
was walking home when it started raining.
2.
When two actions were happening at the same time in the
past,
both are written in the Past
Continuous Tense.
Examples:
While
I was studying, my brother was watching TV.
They
were dancing while the band was playing music.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + was/were + v4 + object
Note (1): If the subject is 1st person singular (I) or 3rd person singular (he, she,
it, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc.)
use ‘was’.
Note (2): If the subject is 1st person plural (we), 2nd person (you), or
3rd person plural (they, people, boys, girls, friends, etc.) use ‘were’.
Examples:
He was playing cricket in the evening.
They were watching a movie last night.
I was reading a novel in my room.
We were waiting for the bus at the stop.
The children were playing in the park.
The teacher was explaining the topic to the students.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + was/were + not + v4 + object.
Examples:
He was not working in the office at that time.
She was not watching TV when you called.
They were not dancing at the party last night.
I was not listening to music while studying.
The kids were not shouting in the classroom.
The dog was not barking at the stranger.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Was/Were + subject + v4 + object +?
Structure (Yes-No Question): Wh-word + was/were + subject + v4 + object
+?)
Examples:
Was he waiting for you at the station?
Were you playing video game?
Was she painting a picture in her room?
Were they talking about the exam results?
Were we practicing for the annual function?
Was the shopkeeper helping the customers?
When were you cleaning your house?
Which game were they playing in the park?
Why was the dog barking at the stranger?
Who was teaching him at that time?
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Use of Past Perfect Tense
1. To show two actions in the past, where
one happened before the other. The action that happened first is
written in Past Perfect, and the second in Simple Past.
Examples:
The
train had left before we reached the station.
She
had cooked dinner before her guests arrived.
2. Past Perfect is used in “if” clauses
and “wish” clauses to talk about unreal or imagined situations in the past.
Examples:
If
I had studied, I would have passed the exam.
I
wish I had met him before.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + had +V3 + object.
Examples:
He had finished his homework before dinner.
She had already left when I arrived.
They had built the house before the monsoon started.
We had reached the station before the train arrived.
The child had fallen asleep by 10 PM.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + had + not + V3 + object.
Examples:
He had not completed his work before the deadline.
She had not visited that place before the trip.
They had not met each other until the party.
I had not seen that movie before last night.
The train had not departed when we arrived at the station.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Had + subject + V3 + object +?
Structure (Wh-Question): Wh-word + had + subject + V3 + object +?
Examples:
Had he finished his homework before dinner?
Had they built the house before the monsoon started?
Had she already left when you arrived?
Had you seen that movie before last night?
Why had she left the office early?
Who had completed the project before the deadline?
When had the teacher explained this chapter?
Which book had you read before starting this one?
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use of Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to talk about an action that started
in the past and continued for some time before another past action happened.
Examples:
She had been teaching in the school for five years
before she got promoted.
They had been waiting for the doctor for two hours before he arrived.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + had been + v4 + object + (for/since +
time)
Examples:
He had been playing cricket for two hours.
I had been reading this book since morning.
We had been waiting for the rain for three hours.
The children had been getting ready for school for an hour.
The workers had been constructing the bridge since morning.
Negative Sentence
Structure:
Subject + had not been + v4 + object + (for/since + time)
Examples:
She had not been living here since last year.
They had not been workin65g on the project for a week.
I had not been feeling well for two days.
The children had not been playing outside since morning.
We had not been waiting for the train for very long.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Had + subject + been + v4 + object + (for/since
+ time) +?
Structure (WH-Question): Wh-word + Had + subject + been + v4 + object
+ (for/since + time) +?
Examples:
Had he been waiting for the doctor for an hour?
Had they been practicing for the cricket match since morning?
Had they been traveling by train for two days?
Why had he been working so hard for months?
Where had they been staying for the past week?
What had he been doing since morning?
Who had been helping him with the project?
Future Tense
There are four types of Future Tense:
i.
Simple
Future Tense
OR
Future Indefinite Tense
OR
Future Non-Progressive Tense
ii.
Future
Continuous Tense
OR
Future Imperfect Tense
OR
Future Progressive Tense
iii.
Future
Perfect Tense
OR
Future Perfect Non-Progressive Tense
iv.
Future
Perfect Continuous Tense
OR
Future Perfect Progressive Tense
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Use of Simple Future Tense
1.
When an action is going to take place in the future, Simple Future Tense
is used.
Example:
I
will go to the market in the evening.
They
will visit Paris next year.
Note: These sentences often include words like: tomorrow, day after tomorrow,
after, next (night/week/month), today, this (evening, morning, week, month,
year), future event/time etc.
2.
When an action depends on a condition, the Simple Future
Tense is used.
Example:
If
you work hard, you will succeed.
She
will wait until you arrive.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences
Structure: Subject + shall/will + v1 + object.
Note 1: If the subject is First Person Singular (I) or
First Person Plural (We), traditionally “shall” is used.
Note 2: If the subject is Second Person (You) or Third Person
Singular/Plural (He, She, It, They, etc.), “will” is used.
Note 3: In Modern English, “will” is commonly used with all subjects.
Examples:
I will buy a new car next year.
She will cook dinner for us tonight.
He will help you with your work.
We will watch a movie on Sunday.
My father will bring some fruits in the evening.
Negative Sentences
Structure: Subject + shall/will + not + v1 + object.
Examples:
I will not go to the party tomorrow.
She will not take tea in the morning.
They will not play cricket in the afternoon.
He will not attend the meeting.
The teacher will not give extra homework.
Interrogative Sentences
Structure (Yes-No Question): Will/Shall + subject + v1 + object +?
Structure (WH-Question): Wh-word + Will/Shall + subject + v1 + object +?
Examples:
Will you go to meet your grandparents next month?
Will she complete her project on time?
Will they attend the wedding?
Will he call me in the evening?
Will we go on a trip this summer?
Where will you stay in Delhi?
When will she submit the assignment?
Why will they leave early?
How will he complete his work so fast?
What will we do on Sunday?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use of Future Continuous Tense
1.
To describe an action that has already been planned and will definitely
take place in the future.
Examples:
We will be going to Goa next summer.
He will be meeting his clients tomorrow.
2.
To express someone's future routine or activity at a particular time.
Examples:
She will be working in her office at this time next week.
We will be attending the seminar in the evening.
3.
To predict or assume that an action will be in progress at a certain time
in the future.
Examples:
He will be waiting for you at the airport.
It will be raining tomorrow morning.
4.
To show that one action will be in progress when another action happens in
the future.
Examples:
When you reach home, I will be reading a book.
They will be playing cricket while we study.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + be + v4+ object.
Examples:
I will be studying for my exams tomorrow.
She will be cooking dinner at 7 PM.
They will be playing football in the evening.
He will be traveling to Delhi next week.
The teacher will be teaching in the classroom.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + not + be + v4 + object.
Examples:
I will not be sleeping in the afternoon.
She will not be attending the wedding next week.
They will not be watching TV at night.
He will not be driving the car in the morning.
We will not be going to the market in the evening.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Will/Shall + subject + be + v4 + object+?
Structure (Yes-No Question): Wh-word + Will/Shall + subject + be + v4 +
object+?
Examples:
Will you be studying in the library tomorrow?
Will she be visiting her grandmother next weekend?
Will he be waiting for us at the station?
Will we be staying at a hotel in Mumbai?
Where will you be traveling next month?
When will she be preparing for her exams?
Why will they be meeting the manager?
How will he be managing his work and studies together?
What will we be discussing in tomorrow’s meeting?
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Use of Future Perfect Tense
1. When two actions take place in the
future and one of them is completed before the other, the action that is
completed first is written in the Future
Perfect Tense.
Examples:
We
will have reached the station before the train arrives.
He
will have cooked dinner before they come.
2. When there is a deadline in the future
and the action will be completed by that deadline, the Future Perfect Tense is used.
Examples:
By
2026, scientists will have discovered new treatments for cancer.
The
builders will have completed the construction by December.
3. When we expect that an action will be
completed at some point in the future, the Future Perfect Tense is used.
Examples:
You
will have received my letter by Monday.
They
will have completed their exams by next week.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + have + V3 + object
Examples:
I will/shall have completed my assignment by tomorrow.
She will have cooked dinner before they arrive.
They will have finished their work by evening.
He will have reached home before it starts raining.
We will/shall have watched the entire movie by 10 PM.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + not + have + V3 + object
Examples:
I will not have finished my homework by evening.
She will not have reached the airport before the flight departs.
They will not have built their new house by next year
He will not have submitted his project before the deadline.
We will not have packed our bags before the taxi arrives.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question) : Will/Shall + subject + have + V3 + object+?
Structure (Wh-Question) : Will/Shall + subject + have + V3 + object+?
Examples:
Will you have completed your studies by next year?
Will he have booked the hotel room by tomorrow?
Will we have received the exam results by next Friday?
Where will you have traveled by the end of this year?
When will she have finished reading the novel?
How will he have managed to complete the work so quickly?
What will we have achieved by working together for a year?
FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
Use of Future
Perfect Continuous Tense
1. Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used for actions
that will be ongoing up to a specific point
in the future.
It emphasizes the duration of an activity that will have been continuing for some time by a certain future moment.
Examples:
She will have been studying for five
hours by 8 PM.
They will have been working here for
ten years next month.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + have been + v4 + object
+(since/for+time)
Examples:
Reena will have been reading a book since morning.
The workers will have been building the bridge for two hours.
The students will have been playing football since evening.
The doctor will have been working in this hospital for one year.
The farmers will have been working in the field since morning.
Negative Sentence
Structure: Subject + will/shall + not + have been + v4 +
object +(since/for+time)
Examples:
She will not have been singing for one hour.
They will not have been studying since four o’clock.
We will not have been traveling for a week.
The boys will not have been playing cricket since morning.
The constables will not have been catching thieves for three days.
Interrogative Sentence
Structure (Yes-No Question): Will/Shall + Subject + have been + v4 + object
+(since/for + time) + ?
Structure (Wh-Question): Wh-word + will/shall + Subject + have been + v4
+ object +(since/for + time) + ?
Examples:
Will he have been teaching at this school for ten years?
Will you have been taking exercise daily for an hour?
Will the students have been preparing for the exam for six months?
Where will he have been staying for the past three years?
Why will she have been learning Spanish for so long?
How long will they have been working on this project?
What will you have been reading for the last two hours?
EXERCISE-1
Choose the Correct Form of the Verb
1.
She ____
to the gym every morning.
a) go b)
going
c) goes d) gone
2.
They ____
soccer in the park right now.
a) plays b)
playing
c) play d) are
playing
3.
He ____
his homework already.
a) finishes b) has
finished
c) finishing d) finish
4.
I ____
coffee in the morning.
a) drink b) drinks
c) drinking d) drank
5.
We ____
for our exams since last week.
a) studies b)
studying
c) have been studying d)
studied
6.
She ____
her keys yesterday.
a) lose b) lost
c) loses d)
losing
7.
They ____
when the phone rang.
a) slept b)
sleeping
c) sleep d) were
sleeping
8.
It ____ during the rainy season.
a) rain b) rains
b) has rained d) had rain
9.
I____here since morning.
a) am waiting b) have been waiting
c) had been waiting d) will be waiting
10.
He____if we had taken our food.
a) asked b) asks
c) will ask d) had ask
11.
When Radha____back, she will sleep.
a) will come b) comes
c) came d) has come
12.
Would you mind____to my house, please?
a) to come b) have come
c) came d) coming
13.
He____meal when the phone rang.
a) have b) was taking
c) having d) did having
14.
Last year my English course____thirty lessons.
a) include b) will include
c) including d) included
15.
I____the door quickly, when I heard a noise outside.
a) shot b) shut
c) shutted d) will shut
16.
I ____
the meeting tomorrow.
a) attend b)
attends
c) attending d) will attend
17.
They ____
their project next week.
a) will complete b) complete
c) completes d) completed
18.
She ____
a book right now.
a) reads b)
reading
c) read d) is
reading
19.
They ____
to the movies last night.
a) went b) go
c) going d) gone
20.
I ____
for the bus for 30 minutes.
a) wait b)
waiting
c) waits d) have
been waiting
21.
She ____
her homework every day.
a) does b) doing
c) did d) do
22.
I always ____the car twice a week.
a) Washes b) Wash
c) Watch d) Watches
23.
My friend and I____our homework every day.
a) Do b) Does
c) go d) goes
24.
The crowd ____Waiting for the C.M.
a) was b) were
c) is d) has
25.
The Canterbury Tales ____ a book.
a) is b) are
c) am d) have
26.
I ____ going to Delhi tomorrow.
a) am b) will
c) has d) have
27.
Rajesh ____his mother tongue very fluently.
a) speak b) speaking
c) speaks d) None of these
28.
This dog ____very loudly.
(A) barks b) bark
(C) barking d) None of these
29.
They ____
in the park right now.
a) are walking b) walked
c) walking d) walks
30.
____ you brush your teeth every morning?
a) Are b) Have
c) Do d) Was
31.
They ____ talking at the top of their voice and distrubed
us.
a) are b) had
c) do d) were
32.
Fortunately, the old car____ not break down on the way.
a)was b)did
c)had d)is
33.
Beauty and brain ____ not often go together.
a) have b) are
c) do d) does
34.
It is good that you ____ come. We were expecting you.
a) are b) have
c) may d) can
35.
Monalisa ____painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
a) were b) was
c) will d) could
36.
The boys in the room ____ revising for their test.
a) is b) are
c)am d) was
37.
Climbing two hundred metres ____a tough job for anyone.
a) is b) am
c) are d) does
38.
He ____
to the gym twice a week.
a) go b)
goes
c) going d) gone
39.
I ____
coffee every morning.
a) drinks b) drink
c) drinking d) drank
40.
We ____
in this city since 2010.
a) lives b) live
c) have beenliving d) living
41.
She ____
her friend yesterday.
a) visit b)
visits
c) visited d)
visiting
42.
I ____
the book by tomorrow.
a) finish b)
finishes
c) finished d) will
finish
43.
They ____
a new house next year.
a) will buy b) buy
c) buying d) buys
44.
By next
week, he ____ the report.
a) will complete b) completed
c) will have completed d)
completing
45.
She ____
a song right now.
a) sings b)
singing
c) sang d) is
singing
46.
They ____
to the beach last summer.
a) go b)
going
c) went d) gone
47.
He ____ the
house before the guests arrived.
a) cleans b)
cleaning
c) cleaned d) had
cleaned
48.
I ____
for my exam for two hours.
a) studies b)
studying
c) studied d) have been studying
49.
She ____
at the local café every weekend.
a) work b)
working
c) works d) worked
50.
They ____
very hard these days.
a) studies b) study
c) studying d) studied
51.
He ____
to school by bus every day.
a) goes b) going
c) go d)
gone
52.
I ____
television in the evening.
a) watches b) watch
c) watching d) watched
53.
We ____
our groceries at the local market.
a) buys b) buying
c) buy d)
bought
54.
She ____
to the doctor last week.
a) goes b) going
c) went d) gone
55.
They ____
a great movie last night.
a) see b)
seeing
c) saw d) seen
56.
He ____
his keys on the table this morning.
a) leave b)
leaves
c) leaving d) left
57.
We ____ a
wonderful vacation last summer.
a) had b) have
c) having d) has
58.
Aisha and Sidhartha ____passed their test with flying colours.
a) has b) have
c) is d) are
59.
'The 3 Mistakes of my life'____written by ChetanBhagat.
a) is b) am
c)are d) does
60.
Anand____ a few pages of this book everyday before he goes
to sleep.
a) read b) is reading
c) reads d) does read
EXERCISE-2
Choose the Correct Form of the Verb
1.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter :
Dear Sir
In response to your query, the document that__________ (explain) our country's
sustainability initiatives has been attached for your consideration.
2.
Identify the error and supply correction for
the given sentence from an e-commerce website's return policy.
We offers a 30-day return policy on all unopened products purchased from our
websites.
Use the given format for your response:
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
3.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete the sentence to update the result of the regional science
fair :
We have exciting news to share!
Our school_______________ first place in the regional science fair.
(A) awarded (B) was awarded
(C) had awarded (D) has been awarded
4.
Identify the error in the given sentence and
supply the correction:
Each of the players have submitted their identity cards.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
5.
Complete the given narrative by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
The internship at the tech startup had me_______ excited about the potential
of innovation and entrepreneurial spirit.
(A) feeling (B) felt
(C) to feel (D) feels
6.
Complete the line from a song by filling the
blank with the correct option:
The morning dew captures your essence,
The flowers and grass________ your colour,
The Sunrise embraces your arrival,
As the dawn welcomes a new day.
(A) reflect (B) reflects
(C) reflected (D) shall reflect
7.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete the sentence to update the result of the inter-school quiz:
We are thrilled to announce that
Our team _______________ the championship trophy in the city quiz competition!
Options:
(A) has lifted (B)
had lifted
(C) lifts (D)
was lifting
8.
Identify the error and supply correction for
the given sentence:
The public health campaign aimed in increase awareness of the risks
associated with underage drinking.
Use the given format for your response:
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter:
Dear Sir
It was agreed that the teacher would________ (organise) the science fair for
the students of grade 8.
10.
Complete the line from a song by filling the
blank with the correct option:
The winds were whispering your name,
The waves and rocks ______ your story,
The twilight danced on the silent shore,
As the moon watched from above.
Options:
(A) was echoing (B) were echoing
(C) had echoed (D) echo
11.
Identify the error in the given sentence and
supply the correction:
The teacher asked the students to brings their notebooks for the activity.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
12.
Read the given sentence from a recipe review
article. Identify the error and supply the correction in the sentence:
The soup recipe didn't turned out as expected, it was lacking in flavour.
Use the given format for your response:
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
13.
Identify the error and supply correction for
the given sentence taken from a case study:
"We specializes in arranging bespoke tours to exotic locations around
the world."
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
14.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete an online update:
The viral video by an unknown traveller ______ millions across platforms.
Options:
(A) reached (B) reaches
(C) has reached (D) was
reaching
15.
Identify the error in the given sentence and
supply the correction:
She was angry because her brother had broke her favourite toy.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
16.
Complete the line from a song by filling the
blank with the correct option:
The river sings through valleys deep,
The trees and leaves ______ in tune,
The mountain stands in silent grace,
As stars appear by night and moon.
Options:
(A) dances (B)
dance
(C) danced (D)
will dance
17.
Select the option that identifies the error
and supplies the correction in the given sentence:
She wants to learns how to play the piano.
|
Option |
Error |
Correction |
|
(A) |
wants |
Wanted |
|
(B) |
Learns |
learn |
|
(C) |
play |
Played |
|
(D) |
play |
plays |
18.
The residents _______ eagerly for the young ones to visit them
every Sunday and bring cheer to their lonely lives :
(A)
has waited (B) has been waiting
(C)
were waiting (D) waited
19.
Complete the line from a self awareness song,
by filling in the blank with the correct option:
The autumn breeze cradles
your thoughts,
The falling
leaves________ your melancholy,
The Sunset paints
your mood,
As the evening ushers
in the night.
(A)
share (B) shares
(C)
shared (D) shall share
20.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of an email :
You will find in this email a
brochure that_________ (present) the various tourist attractions in our city, aimed at
boosting local tourism.
21.
Read the given sentence. Identify the error
and supply the correction in the sentence:
She don't like chocolate
ice-cream.
Use the given
format for your response:
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
22.
Identify the error and supply correction for
the given sentence taken from a case study:
The 2020 research study pay
attention to the relationship between high levels of stress and employee
productivity.
Use the given
format for your response:
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
23.
Select the option that identifies the error
and supplies the correction in the given sentence from a public health
campaign:
The campaign encourages
parents to reducing screen time for their children.
|
Option |
Error |
Correction |
|
(A) |
to |
for |
|
(B) |
for |
to |
|
(C) |
reducing |
reduce |
|
(D) |
encourages |
encourage |
24.
Complete the given narrative, by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
The chance to mentor a group of underprivileged students helped___________ me the
educational disparities in our society.
(A) understanding (B) understood
(C) to understand (D) may
understand
25.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete the live feed on a school news channel :
In a miraculous turn of events, the Sunview School hockey team_________the
championship trophy.
(A) has been lifting
(B) had lifted
(C) lifted
(D) will lift
26.
Complete the line from a song, by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
In the night, the stars________ your dreams,
The moonlight guides your course,
The cool breeze whispers your name,
Leading you towards a new dawn.
(A) shines (B) shine
(C) shone (D) shining
27.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter:
Therefore, I request you to please consider this request of__________(construct)
a park in our society so that each and every person can benefit and we can
enjoy a healthy environment amidst the concrete jungle.
28.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option, to complete the line of a circular issued by an organization, to its
stakeholders.
In order to enable the stakeholders to__________ (access/assess/accent) all the
applicable circulars at one place, the provisions of the circulars issued till
January 6, 2024, are incorporated in this master circular.
29.
Complete the given narrative by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
Excited about his newly earned powers, Midas started touching all kinds of
things, ______each item into pure gold.
(A) to turning (B)
turning
(C) turned (D)
turns
30.
Select the option that identifies the error
and supplies the correction in the given sentence:
My brother enjoy playing cricket every evening.
|
Option |
Error |
Correction |
|
(A) |
playing |
played |
|
(B) |
enjoy |
enjoys |
|
(C) |
evening |
evenings |
|
(D) |
every |
each |
31.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete the part of the disclaimer given in a textbook:
The authors of the book_________ all reasonable care to ensure that the
contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual
property rights of any person in any manner.
(A) has been taking (B)
have taken
(C) has taken (D) have been
took
32.
Complete the slogan, by filling in the blank
with the correct option:
Planting a tree is a very noble deed and ________ the earth from global
warming!
(A) saves (B)
saving
(C) had saved (D)
should save
33.
I Fill in the blank with the correct option
to complete the opening line of a formal letter:
Dear Mr. Patel,
We are pleased to inform you that your proposal for the upcoming project by the
board of directors_____________.
A. had endorsed
B. will have been endorsed
C. has been endorsed
D. have endorsed
34.
Read the given sentence from a marketing
report. Identify the error and supply the correction in the given format.
The company continues to strives tirelessly to meet customer demands.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
35.
Complete the given school announcement by
selecting the correct option to fill in the blank.
Good news, everyone!
Our school's robotics team has successfully______________ a place in the
semifinals.
A. securing
B. secured
C. will secure
D. had secured
36.
Complete the given narrative by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
She looked through the old photo album, and as her fingers touched each page, a
wave of memories _______ back.
Options:
(A) come (B)
came
(C) comes (D) will come
37.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter:
Dear Sir
This is with reference to committee’s letter of recommendation that ________
(highlight) the nominations for ‘Safe Residential Area’ award for this current
year.
38.
Identify the error and supply correction for
the given sentence from a commercial company’s current marketing strategy.
The company aimed at increasing authority in areas frequently visited by the
clients.
Use the given format for your response.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
39.
Complete the given narrative, by filling the
blank with the correct option.
The experience of nursing an injured bird left me _____________ grateful for
knowing the importance of being kind and compassionate to all creatures.
A. feeling B. having
felt
C. felt D.
feels
40.
Fill the blank by choosing the correct option
to complete the live feed on a school news channel.
Congratulations Change Makers!
The regional competition awards have been announced and our school music club
___________ the first prize.
A. had been won B.
will win
C. was winning D.
has won
41.
Complete the line from a self- awareness
song, by filling the blank with the correct option.
The river runs through your veins
The trees and mountains ______ your name
The moon and stars watch over
You’re guiding your way back home
To dream the night away.
A. will call B.
call
C. had called D.
calls
42.
Fill in the blank by choosing the correct
option to complete an online update.
The climate control comment by an _______ activist on social media yesterday.
A. blow up B. blew up
C. is blown D. will be
blown
43.
Complete the given narrative, by filling in
the blank with the correct option:
As I was standing on the dock, looking out at the lake for the last time, a
feeling of emptiness________ over me like darkness.
A. will wash B.
had washed
C. will have washed D.
washed
44.
Fill in the blank by using the correct form
of the word in the bracket, for the given portion of a letter:
Subject: Request for Approval
Dear Sir
This is to respectfully submit that I_________ (seek) approval for organising a
tree plantation drive to be undertaken by the club.
45.
Identify the error in the given sentence,
from a school magazine report and supply the correction.
In order to balancing the sentiments of the Eagles and the Hawks, the Student
Council suggested a rematch between the teams.
Use the given format for your response.
|
Error |
Correction |
|
|
|
ANSWER
EXERCISE-1
1.c, 2.d, 3.b, 4.a, 5.c, 6.b, 7.d, 8.b
9.b, 10.a, 11.b, 12.d, 13.b, 14.d, 15.b, 16.d, 17.a, 18.d, 19.a, 20.d, 21.a,
22.b, 23.a, 24.a, 25.a, 26.a, 27.c, 28.a, 29.a, 30.c, 31.d, 32.b, 33.c, 34.b,
35.b, 36.b, 37.a, 38.b, 39.b, 40.c, 41.c, 42.d, 43.a, 44.c, 45.d, 46.c, 47.d,
48.d, 49.c, 50.b, 51.a, 52.b, 53.c, 54.c, 55.c, 56.d, 57.a, 58.b, 59.a, 60.c
EXERCISE-2
1,. Explains, 2. Error-offers Correction-offer, 3.d,
4. Error-have, Correction-has, 5.a, 6a, 7.a, 8. Error-in Correction-to,
9.organise, 10.b, 11. Error-brings Correction-bring, 12. Error-turned
Correction-turn, 13. Error-specializes Correction-Specialize 14.c, 15.
Error-broke Correction-broken 16.b, 17.b, 18.d, 19.a, 20.presents, 21.
Error-don’t Correction-doesn’t 22. Error-pay correction-paid, 23.c, 24.c, 25.c,
26.b, 27.constructing, 28. Access, 29.b, 30.b, 31.b, 32.a 33.c 34.
Error-strives Correction-strive 35.b 36.b 37.highlights 38. Error-aimed,
Correction-aims 39.a 40.d 41.b 42.b 43.d 44.seek 45. Error-balancing
Correction-balance
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