Tense // definite // Explanation // Exercise // Translation

 

TENSE

Time- The word ‘Time’ stands for a concept with which all mankind are familiar, divided into present, past, and future.
Tense-Tense is the forms of the verb which indicates time of action.
fdz;k dk og :i tks dk;Z ds le; dks crkrk gks mls tense dgk tkrk gS

TYPES OF TENSE

According to Traditional English Grammar, there are three types of tense.
Traditional English Grammar के अनुसार Tense तीन प्रकार के होते है|

    1.       Present Tense

    2.       Past Tense

    3.       Future Tense

But according to Modern English Grammar, there are only two types of tense.
लेकिन Modern English Grammar के अनुसार Tense दो प्रकार के होते हैं |

1.       Present Tense

2.       Past Tense

Present Tense

A verb which indicates present time is called present tense.
fdz;k dk og :i tks orZeku le; dks n’kkZrk gks mls present tense dgk tkrk gSA

Example:-
He reads.    
og i<+rk gSA
We are playing.
ge yksx [ksy jgs gSaA
I have eaten.
eSa [kk pwdk gwaWA
She has been singing a song since morning.
og lwcg ls xkuk xk jgh gSaA

TYPES OF PRESENT TENSE
There are four types of future tense.
Present Tense चार प्रकार के होते हैं|

    1.       Simple Present Tense

Or
Present Indefinite Tense
Or
Present Non-Progressive Tense

2.       Present Continuous Tense
Or
Present Imperfect Tense
Or
Present Progressive Tense

3.       Present Perfect Tense
Or
Present Perfect Non-Progressive Tense

   4.  Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Or    Present Perfect Continuous Tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Symbol- जिस हिंदी Sentence के अंत में ता है / ती है / ते है / ता हूँ / ती हूँ / ते हो / ती हो इत्यादि लगा रहता है तो वह Sentence Simple Present Tense का होता है |

Affirmative Sentence

Subject + v1/v5 + object

Structure-

 

Note (1)- Subject अगर 1^st Person (I, We), 2^nd Person (You) और 3^rd Person Plural Number (They, people, boys, girls,  friends, etc) रहे तो V¹ का प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Note (2) Subject अगर 3^rd Person Singular Number (He, she, it, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc) रहे तो V⁵ का प्रयोग किया जाता है |

उदहारण

He teaches English.                              वह अंग्रेजी पढ़ते है|
She writes a letter.                                वह पत्र लिखती है|
T he sun rises in the east.                   सूरज पूरब में उगता है|
I want to become a good man.        मैं एक अच्छा इन्सान बनना चाहता हूँ|
God helps everyone                             खुदा हर किसी की मदद करता है|

Negative Sentence

Structure-

	Subject + do/does + not + v1 + object. Subject +don’t/doesn’t + v1 + object

 

 

Note (1)- Subject अगर 1^st Person (I, We), 2^nd Person (You) और 3^rd Person Plural Number (They, people, boys, girls,  friends, etc) रहे तो do का प्रयोग किया जाता है |

Note (2) Subject अगर 3^rd Person Singular Number (He, she, it, Sohan, friend, boy, girl, etc) रहे तो does का प्रयोग किया जाता है |

उदहारण-
He does go to school.                           वह स्कूल नहीं जाता है|
The brave do not fear death.            बहादुर लोग मौत से नहीं डरते है|
She does not love me.                         वह मुझे प्यार नहीं करती है|
You don’t waste time.                         तुम लोग समय नष्ट नहीं करते हो|
He never tells a lie.                               वह कभी झूट नहीं बोलता है|

Do/does + subject + V1 + object +? Wh + do/does + subject + v1 + object +?

Interrogative Sentence

Structure-

 

Does he call you?                                  क्या वह तुमको बुलाता है?
Does he sleep at day?                          क्या वह दिन में सोता है?
Do you read a book?                            क्या तुम किताब पढ़ते हो?
When does he go to school?             वह स्कूल कब जाता है?
Why do you follow me?                    तुम मेरे पीछे क्यों आते हो?
How does she come here?          वह यहाँ कैसे आती है?

Do/does + Subject + not + v1 + object +? Don’t/doesn’t + Subject + v1 +object +?

Negative Interrogative Sentence

Structure-

 

Does he not insult you?                      क्या वह तुम्हारा अपमान नहीं करता है?
Don’t you ever blush?                         क्या तुम कभी शरमाते नहीं हो?
Doesn’t she go to Patna by bus?               क्या वह बस से पटना नहीं जाती है?
When do people not run after money? लोग पैसे के पीछे कब नहीं भागते है
Why don’t you eat something?                 तुम कुछ खा क्यों नहीं लेते हो?

Use of Simple Present Tense

1.       वर्तमान की आदत (present habit) को बताने के लिए Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है|
जैसे-
He goes to school everyday.
She always speaks the truth.
He never tells a lie.
Sometimes it rains heavily.
He usually comes late.
I often spend my holidays with my parents.
She goes to see an English film once a month.

Note- Present habit को बताने वाले Sentence में always, never, ever, seldom, often, sometimes,  daily, frequently,  generally, usually, habitually, mostly, regularly, hardly, scarcely, every day/ night/ morning/ evening/ week/ month/year, once a day/week/month/year, twice a day/week/month/year का प्रयोग होता है|

2.       Universal Truth को बताने के लिए Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है|
जैसे-
The earth revolves round the sun.
The sun sets in the west.
Man is mortal.
Two and two makes four.
The sky is blue.

3.       वर्तमान समय (Present time) में चलने वाले स्थायी कार्य के लिए Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है|
जैसे-
He lives in Delhi.
I read in class 10^th.
I love her.
Sohan teaches them English.
My brother works in Mumbai.

4.       Conditional Sentence में Subordinate Clause का प्रयोग Simple Present Tense में किया जाता है|
जैसे-
He will go there if you come here.
If it rains, I shall not go out.
Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.
Until I return, you will wait for me.
If we go to Patna, we shall visit the zoo.

5.       Historical truth के लिए Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है|
जैसे-
Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
Geoffrey Chaucer is the father of English Literature.
Galileo Galilei is the father of science.